{"id":603,"date":"2025-05-21T14:57:23","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T12:57:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prenatalgyncare.sk\/?page_id=603"},"modified":"2025-05-21T23:19:53","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T21:19:53","slug":"myomy-maternice","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.prenatalgyncare.sk\/?page_id=603","title":{"rendered":"My\u00f3my maternice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co s\u00fa my\u00f3my maternice (leiomy\u00f3my)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

My\u00f3m maternice je najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm a naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa vyskytuj\u00facim nezhubn\u00fdm n\u00e1dorom v oblasti \u017eensk\u00e9ho genit\u00e1lu a jedn\u00fdm z naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch \u017eensk\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed v\u00f4bec. Postihuje viac ako 40% \u017eenskej popul\u00e1cie. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 druh\u00e1 a\u017e tretia \u017eena sa do svojej menopauzy stretne s probl\u00e9mami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00favisia s my\u00f3mami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po menopauze sa maternicov\u00e9 my\u00f3my obvykle spont\u00e1nne zmen\u0161uj\u00fa. Do menopauzy frekvencia ich v\u00fdskytu v popul\u00e1cii rastie s vekom. Celosvetovo z roka na rok rastie aj v\u00fdskyt u \u017eien v plodnom veku. My\u00f3my s\u00fa ve\u013emi \u010dastou pr\u00ed\u010dinou neplodnosti, skor\u00fdch potratov a pred\u010dasn\u00fdch p\u00f4rodov<\/p>\n\n\n\n

My\u00f3my maternice (leiomy\u00f3my) m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 drobn\u00e9 \u2013 r\u00e1dovo nieko\u013eko milimetrov, alebo a\u017e o rozmeroch nieko\u013ek\u00fdch decimetrov, kedy je celkov\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 maternice rovnak\u00e1 ako v piatom mesiaci gravidity. Pod\u013ea lokaliz\u00e1cie (polohy my\u00f3mu vo\u010di maternici) rozli\u0161ujeme:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Subser\u00f3zne my\u00f3my<\/em> \u2013 rast\u00face pod povrchovou vrstvou maternice<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Intramur\u00e1lne a\u017e transmur\u00e1lne my\u00f3my<\/em> \u2013 rast\u00fa vo vn\u00fatri steny maternice<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Submuk\u00f3zne my\u00f3my<\/em> \u2013 rast\u00face tesne pod sliznicou a ve\u013emi \u010dasto deformuj\u00fa dutinu maternice<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

zdroj: https:\/\/www.azuravascularcare.com\/assets\/Uterine-Fibroid-Types.jpg<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00ed\u010diny vzniku my\u00f3mov<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00ed\u010dina vzniku my\u00f3mu nie je presne zn\u00e1ma. Ur\u010dit\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa hormon\u00e1lne vplyvy. My\u00f3my obsahuj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo receptorov pre \u017eensk\u00fd horm\u00f3n, estrog\u00e9n, ne\u017e okolit\u00e9 tkanivo, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje progres\u00edvny rast my\u00f3mov. U\u017e\u00edvanie antikoncepcie v\u0161ak rozhodne riziko vzniku my\u00f3mu nezvy\u0161uje. Uv\u00e1dza sa, \u017ee vplyv na v\u00fdskyt maternicov\u00fdch my\u00f3mov m\u00e1 aj genetika. \u010castej\u0161ie sa vyskytne toto ochorenie tam, kde v rodine u\u017e nieko\u013eko pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch my\u00f3m malo. \u00dalohu tu hr\u00e1 zrejme aj etnick\u00fd p\u00f4vod, v\u00fdskyt my\u00f3mov je \u010dastej\u0161\u00ed u afroameri\u010daniek. Obezita je taktie\u017e rizikov\u00fdm faktorom. Naproti tomu faj\u010denie m\u00e1 zrejme protekt\u00edvny \u00fa\u010dinok, rovnako ako po\u010det poroden\u00fdch det\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm viac p\u00f4rodov, t\u00fdm men\u0161ia pravdepodobnos\u0165 vzniku maternicov\u00fdch my\u00f3mov. \u017deny, ktor\u00e9 odkladaj\u00fa prv\u00fa graviditu na obdobie po tridsiatom roku veku, trpia t\u00fdmto ochoren\u00edm v\u00fdznamne \u010dastej\u0161ie, a tak sa nutnos\u0165 rie\u0161enia my\u00f3mov st\u00e1le \u010dastej\u0161ie t\u00fdka aj \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 by rady rie\u0161ili svoje ochorenie nielen s oh\u013eadom na zbavenie \u0165a\u017ekost\u00ed s ponechan\u00edm maternice, ale aj na zachovanie mo\u017enosti otehotnie\u0165, donosi\u0165 a porodi\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00edznaky my\u00f3mov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A\u017e polovica pacientok je bez pr\u00edznakov. Mal\u00e9 my\u00f3my b\u00fdvaj\u00fa asymptomatick\u00e9, s rastom my\u00f3mu sa \u0165a\u017ekosti v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou stup\u0148uj\u00fa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Typick\u00fdmi pr\u00edznakmi leiomy\u00f3mov s\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u010cast\u00e9 nutkanie na mo\u010denie, tlak<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Siln\u00e9, nepravideln\u00e9 krv\u00e1canie<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Bolestiv\u00e1 men\u0161tru\u00e1cia s\u00a0pred- alebo post- men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00fdm \u0161pinen\u00edm<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Bolesti a pocit plnosti v podbru\u0161ku<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Boles\u0165 chrbta<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Bolesti pri pohlavnom styku<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u010co s\u00fa my\u00f3my maternice (leiomy\u00f3my) My\u00f3m maternice je najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm a naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa vyskytuj\u00facim nezhubn\u00fdm n\u00e1dorom v oblasti \u017eensk\u00e9ho genit\u00e1lu a jedn\u00fdm z naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch \u017eensk\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed v\u00f4bec. Postihuje viac ako 40% \u017eenskej popul\u00e1cie. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 druh\u00e1 a\u017e tretia \u017eena sa do svojej menopauzy stretne s probl\u00e9mami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00favisia s my\u00f3mami. Po menopauze sa maternicov\u00e9 my\u00f3my obvykle spont\u00e1nne […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-603","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t